Most older adults do not suffer from hearing loss great enough to disrupt their daily lives until

When the assignment of research participants to groups is truly random, :

a. each participant has an equal probability of being assigned to the control group or the treatment group b. neither the researcher nor the participants know which group the participants are in c. participants are assigned to groups by last name d. participants are not assigned to groups

Helping people refrain from drinking by pairing alcohol with a stimulus such as electrical shock is an example of

a) modeling. b) covert sensitization. c) operant conditioning. d) aversive conditioning.