Which of the following is NOT a reason that UN

collective security was successfully used for the first time in forty years against Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait?
a. It was an extraordinarily clear-cut aggression.
b. The end of the Cold War created a global consensus on the need for robust, automatic United Nations responses to any threat to international security, no matter how minor.
c. It was believed that if UN collective security failed in such a clear case, it would not be a principle for order in a post–Cold War world.
d. The small states in the United Nations supported the action because most of them were fragile and had disputable postcolonial boundaries.
e. The arguments Saddam Hussein used to justify his invasion of Kuwait threatened most of the other small states as well.

Answer: b