Russell's drinking has begun to cause problems in his life. He is falling behind in school and his girlfriend is fed up with his drinking. He has tried to quit, but has been unsuccessful. Russell's drinking fits the definition of a __________ disorder

Researchers have usually found that:

a) females score higher on tests of verbal ability than males. b) males score higher on tests of verbal ability than females. c) there is no difference between males and females on tests of verbal ability. d) verbal ability differences between males and females are due to differential watching of talk shows.

The theorist who suggested that prior experiences of a stimulus can cause an exposure effect that primes us to react in a certain way to that stimulus in the future was __________

a. Stanley Schachter b. Robert Plutchik c. Jerome Singer d. Robert Zajonc