Carmen is taking an advanced math test and she feels a burden of doubt because she knows the negative stereotypes about women's abilities in mathematics. This feeling has been labeled
A) test anxiety.
B) gender dissonance.
C) gender bias.
D) stereotype threat.
Answer: D
Rationale: Stereotype threat occurs when people who are aware of stereotypes about their social group may fear being reduced to that stereotype. The anxiety and distraction from stereotype threat can often impair performance.
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The peer review process is designed to
A) block alternative therapies from being made available to the general public. B) identify flaws in a research study's methods, findings, and conclusions. C) make researchers feel bad when their article is not published. D) place obstacles in front of people whose theories differ from mainstream science.
If you observed a society that was at war with neighboring tribes, you would expect to find that children in this society would engage in which of the following types of play?
a. They would not play at all. b. They would most likely play at "war" games, perhaps involving spear-throwing or hiding. c. They would most likely invent games, such as playing house that would distract them from thinking about the war. d. They would probably play only with their parents, and not with other children.