In an experiment, a group of participants ate ice cream that was packaged in a red carton and another group of participants ate ice cream of the same flavor packaged in a green carton. Participants were asked to rate the ice cream on a scale of 1 to 5. In this scenario, the independent variable is the

In all likelihood, attitudes toward _______ are affectively based, and stem from _______

a. cleaning products; people's values b. instant coffee; instrumental conditioning c. abortion; a logical examination of the facts d. the death penalty; people's values

Overconfidence in memory derives from __________

a. poor metamemory b. source misattribution c. processing fluency d. All of the above can lead to overconfidence in memory.