Jacob is suddenly awakened by his sister. He appears groggy and confused, indicating that

According to the research on gender comparisons in altruism,

a. men tend to be more helpful than women. b. overall gender differences in general helpfulness are minimal. c. gender differences are large whenever nobody else is present, other than the helper and the person being helped. d. women are more helpful than men in most situations, except when the task is perceived to be dangerous to women.

Knowledge of a wine's price will affect our perception of its flavour, illustrating:

A) bottom-up processing. B) top-down processing. C) the valence-centred approach. D) the object-centred approach.