Graham is a strong believer in UFOs, and the other night he saw three streaks of light flash across the sky in a group. They were actually planes from the local air base, but Graham was convinced he had just seen three spaceships. Graham's perception of the strange lights in the sky illustrates the influence of:
a. opponent processing
b. top-down-processing
c. bottom-up processing
d. the Gestalt law of common fate
B
Psychology
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Which method is least likely to be used to assess the validity of a measurement?
a. split-half b. concurrent c. predictive d. convergent
Psychology
What term is used for an external factor that may influence or distort the measurements in a research study?
a. artifact b. aberration c. demand characteristic d. bias factor
Psychology