If there is not random assignment, but there is a control group and/or multiple measures, a research study can be said to be a(n) _______________

A stimulus that signals whether a certain response or behavior is likely to be rewarded, ignored, or punished is called a __________

a) reinforcer. b) generalized stimulus. c) discriminative stimulus. d) primary reinforcer.

What kind of brain alteration will cause the fear response of freezing to discontinue in rats?

a. Using a split-brain operation to cut the corpus callosum. b. Lesioning the anterior and posterior hippocampal body. c. Ablating the medulla oblongata. d. Severing the connections from the amygdala to the mid-brain.