Which of the following occurs when Congress creates legislation to change the meaning of the Constitution without actually amending it?

For the data illustrated in the scatter plot below, what is the product-moment correlation?

A) 0.00 B) +1.00 C) -1.00 D) You cannot tell from the scatter plot.

How does political participation, such as speaking at town hall meetings or writing letters to representatives, help advance policy deliberation?

a. Citizens are able to draw attention to certain issues or arguments. b. It eliminates the need for deliberation in Congress as it has already been conducted by the public. c. It encourages politicians to leave the deliberation to the public and cast their votes as their constituency demands. d. It highlights the lack of public knowledge about the issues and reinforces elected officials’ sense of duty to deliberate carefully. e. Political participation motivates politicians to deliberate more quickly on issues to keep the people from interfering.