The use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the long-term care of patients with chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (COPD) will benefit the patient in which the following ways except:
1. better gas exchange.
2. improved sleep quality.
3. resetting the respiratory center to better respond to hypoxemia.
4. unloading the respiratory muscles.
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
ANS: B
First, positive inspiratory pressure may improve gas exchange and unload the respiratory muscles, allowing these muscles to recover, gain strength, and reduce fatigue. These benefits should re-duce symptoms associated with hypoventilation and improve quality-of-life. Second, patients with severe COPD have poor sleep quality, shorter sleep time, and nocturnal hypoventilation.
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The physiological phenomena that occur over intervals of approximately 24 hours are:
a. anchor time events. c. hormonal rhythms. b. second-wind responses. d. circadian rhythms.
What is FiO2?
A) The amount of oxygen delivered via an airway adjunct in liters per minute B) The concentration of gases in our expired air, which is referred to as the fraction of used oxygen C) The flow rate of gases provided to the patient by mask or nasal cannula D) The concentration of oxygen in our inhaled air, which is referred to as the fraction of inspired oxygen