In the proposition, "Changing the semester structure to a ten-week semester with a six-day academic week would achieve substantial savings for NMU," artificial presumption would:

(a) require the opponent to begin argumentation because this is a substantial change. (b) suggest that we presently believe a semester structure with a six-day academic week will not necessarily achieve substantial savings over the present structure. (c) suggest that we presently believe that reducing the semester from 15 to 10 weeks will achieve substantial savings.
(d) require the advocate to define "substantial savings."

B