Two girls, 8-year-old Molly and 4-year-old Anna were told this story: "Jessie is a 5-year-old girl whose best friend is a boy. Jessie likes to play with trucks"
They were then asked how much Jessie would like to play with masculine and feminine toys. How would you expect Molly and Anna to reply?
a. Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys.
b. Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys.
c. Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys, but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys.
d. Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys, but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys.
c
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Which scenario is the best example of self-handicapping?
a. Roy is a cigarette smoker. He does not like to hear about the health risks of smoking. He therefore ignores such information, or dismisses it as invalid, and continues to smoke. b. Neither Yuki nor her friends ever study very much for school. Since Yuki does not know anyone who studies very hard, she assumes that in fact no one ever studies hard. As a consequence, she continues to have terrible study habits. c. Jacques has a big wrestling match coming up, but he fears that he will lose. The week before the match, he claims that he is "really busy with other studies," and does not practice at all. Even though he may not realize he is doing this, he is setting himself up so that he will have an "excuse" in case he loses the match. d. Sometimes, when Olivia has a long day, she yells at her children when she gets home. She usually feels very bad about this right after doing it. But then she realizes that she can "justify" her behavior ("I am the parent here," she thinks, "and I have the right to discipline my children.") In other words, she is able to rationalize, or excuse, a not-so-good behavior.
Explain the importance of peer group membership in adolescence. What roles do cliques and crowds play in this? Differentiate between the two.
What will be an ideal response?