The total amount of money the government owes to its creditors is the

When comparing monetary and fiscal policy under fixed and floating exchange rate regimes, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) In a floating exchange rate regime, an expansionary monetary policy is effective by stimulating spending and by depreciating the currency. B) In a floating exchange rate regime, an expansionary fiscal policy is effective by stimulating spending, though there may be crowding-out effects due to higher rates of interest and currency appreciation. C) In a fixed exchange rate regime, an expansionary monetary policy is effective by stimulating spending; it has no impact on the currency value or the trade balance. D) In a fixed exchange rate regime, an expansionary fiscal policy is effective by stimulating spending, as long as the parallel expansionary monetary policy keeps exchange rates stable.

Suppose a bank is exactly meeting its desired reserve ratio of 10 percent and a new deposit of $75,000 is made. Immediately after the deposit is made, the bank's excess reserves equal

A) zero. B) $7,500. C) $67,500. D) It is impossible to determine without additional information.