Which of the following countries does NOT have a directly elected chief executive?

Voter turnout tends to be higher in countries

a. having very frequent elections. b. using proportional representation. c. Both A and B are correct. d. None of the above is correct.

The logic of an experiment is that when one group that experiences an experimental manipulation and another group does not, any differences in subsequent behavior are due to the independent variable. This conclusion is true when

a. both groups are comparable at the beginning of the study. b. the control group and the placebo group experience the same manipulation. c. the study is double-blind, but not single blind. d. demand characteristics are present in both groups.