The extent of the multiplier effect visible within a short time will be ____ the total effect indicated by the multiplier formula

Ball's research on disinflation across different countries found that

A) costs of disinflation were smaller for rapid disinflation than for gradual disinflation. B) costs of disinflation were larger for rapid disinflation than for gradual disinflation. C) costs of disinflation were about the same for both rapid and gradual disinflation. D) costs of disinflation were smaller when the central bank had a strong inflation-fighting reputation.

An increase in the supply of money will:

a. reduce the rate of interest and, thereby, trigger an increase in current spending by households and businesses. b. reduce aggregate demand and real output. c. increase only the general level of prices. d. lead to a higher rate of unemployment.