What is the desired mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) for the effective inhalation of an aerosolized bronchodilator?
A. less than 1 ?m
B. 1 ?m to 3 ?m
C. 3 ?m to 5 ?m
D. greater than 5 ?m
?ANS: C
A. Incorrect response: Particles smaller than 1 μm diameter reach deep into the tracheobronchial tree, but are commonly removed during exhalation without producing any effect. Particles this size do not significantly deposit on lung tissue to have any effect.
B. Incorrect response: Medications that are intended for penetration and deposition among the peripheral airways should have an MMAD of 1 μm to 3 μm diameter. Pentamidine is an example of such a medication.
C. Correct response: Medications that have their effects on the large- to medium-sized airways need to be in the range of 3 μm to 5 μm diameter. Bronchodilators need to be in this particle size range.
D. Incorrect response: Particles greater than 5 μm in diameter would not penetrate significantly into the respiratory tract.
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