Messages between organizational members of the same power level are best described as

A. horizontal.
B. formal.
C. upward.
D. informal.

Answer: A

Communication & Mass Media

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Value change that occurs when the environment changes in a way that causes an existing value to become more or less important physiologically or psychologically is termed

(a) value implementation retargeting. (b) value emphasis or de-emphasis. (c) value redistribution. (d) value restandardization.

Communication & Mass Media

Alita is appointed to a temporary supervisory position at work when her boss goes on medical leave. Alita is in charge of answering employees' questions, settling conflicts, and approving sick and vacation days. When Alita's supervisor returns, Alita can no longer perform those functions because she has lost her ________ power.

A. legitimate B. coercive C. reward D. expert

Communication & Mass Media