A factor that characterized nine of ten winners of presidential elections was

________ is an inferred characteristic of an individual, usually defined as the ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment

a. Intelligence b. Dissonance c. Intelligence quotient d. Mental age

Zoey has learned how to fill measuring cups to the top and to pack the flour into the cups so she gets a perfect measurement. Although she is helpful in baking a cake, she cannot read the recipe yet, nor can she turn the electric mixer on

For these tasks, she needs assistance from her mother. What do we call the difference between skills or tasks that Zoey can accomplish alone and those she is capable of doing if guided by her mother? a. scaffolding b. zone of proximal distance c. area of competence d. structuring