Repression leading to fear, leading to uncertainty and even more repression, is typical of ______.

Judicial activism refers to the idea that

a. the courts should shape constitutional meaning to present-day needs. b. the courts should seek areas in which to legislate. c. the courts should use their own beliefs to reach court decisions. d. the courts should uphold original intent of the Constitution.

Which level of government plays the intermediary role in the system’s finances by, among other things, managing programs at one level of government and distributing aid to yet another level of government?

a. local b. federal c. state d. international