Federal orders that require states to operate and pay for programs created at the national level are called ______.

Hydrofracking, a process of injecting water, sand, and chemicals into rock formations, is used by this energy industry

A. coal B. natural gas C. oil D. solar

Administrative guidance refers to

a. the practice of the Japanese government to set long-term goals with regard to technological innovation. b. the practice of the Japanese government to regularly issue contradictory regulations leaving private firms unsure of how to react. c. the command economy structures of the Japanese government. d. informal guidance given to a private firm by a government agency that raises issues of transparency and collusion. e. the practice of the Japanese government of issuing flexible "administrative rules" rather than strict formal regulations, thus effectively giving private firms a free hand to do as they wish.