For each type of pattern defined below, determine whether the support mea- sure is monotone, anti-monotone, or non-monotone (i.e., neither monotone nor anti-monotone) with respect to increasing itemset size.

(a) Itemsets that contain both positive and negative items such as {a, b, c, d}.
Is the support measure monotone, anti-monotone, or non-monotone
when applied to such patterns?
(b) Boolean logical patterns such as {(a ? b ? c), d, e}, which may contain
both disjunctions and conjunctions of items. Is the support measure

monotone, anti-monotone, or non-monotone when applied to such pat-
terns?

(a) Anti-monotone.
(b) Non-monotone.