If total fixed cost increases, then the average total cost curve ________ and the marginal cost curve ________

Which of the following will decrease the money supply?

A) an increase in the discount rate (relative to the federal funds rate) B) an increase in the required reserve ratio C) an open market purchase by the Fed D) a and b E) a, b, and c

Refer to the graph shown. An increase in American interest rates would shift:

A. D1 left and S1 left, causing an appreciation of the euro. B. D1 left and S1 right, causing a depreciation of the euro. C. D1 right and S1 left, causing an appreciation of the euro. D. D1 right and S1 right, causing a depreciation of the euro.