Suppression of ___ rhythms in the ___ inhibits some forms of learning

Identification with peer groups

a. decreases during adolescence. b. gives an adolescent a measure of security and a sense of identity. c. reduces self-esteem and self-worth. d. seems to always lead to incredibly destructive behaviors.

Professor Turing is designing a study where she will be comparing the handwriting of undergraduate students under two different manipulations

In one condition, the students will write after consuming 1 cup of strong coffee, and in the second condition, students will write after consuming 3 cups of strong coffee. She takes a number of student volunteers from her research methods class and randomly assigns them to one of the two different conditions. Unfortunately, in the 3-cup condition, 4 students decide to drop out of the study at the last minute, so Professor Turing asks four additional sociology students to serve as replacements. What is a valid criticism of Professor Turing's study? a. These kinds of studies should only be conducted with non-human animals since the manipulation involves the consumption of a chemical substance. b. This design is now based on nonequivalent groups. c. This type of study will not produce any sort of a cure or benefit for human beings, hence money should not be spent on such research. d. Since handwriting is so individualized, it is not worth pursuing attempts to analyze it.