Billy normally fails all of his science exams, so when he got a “C” on an anatomy test, he was thrilled. Bobby on the other hand normally gets all “A’s” on his exams, so when he got a “C” on the same anatomy test, he was angry and sad. This is an example of how __________ can impact our emotions.

Each time Mr. Chow hides 7-month-old Jana's doll under her blanket, she retrieves the toy. When Mr. Chow then hides the doll under a pillow near the blanket, Jana continues to look under the blanket for the doll. Jana is demonstrating

A) the secondary circular reaction. B) habituation and recovery. C) displaced reference. D) the A-not-B search error.

Köhler's findings occurred simultaneously with ____ discovery of ____

a. ?Wertheimer's; productive thinking b. ?Thorndike's; the law of effect c. ?Yerkes'; the army Beta test d. ?Wertheimer's; isomorphism e. ?Yerkes'; ideational learning