Which of the following refers to the ability of federal bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or presidential intentions?

Which of the following is a general set of presidential appointments?

a. personal presidential staff b. major policy advisors c. high-level officials responsible for other cabinet departments and executive agencies d. All of the above.

Which of the following accurately characterizes presidential poll results?

A) Survey results can be prone to random error because interviewers receive superficial responses. B) Survey results have been proven to be accurate more than 98% of the time. C) Survey results are consistent regardless of the way questions are worded. D) Survey results are typically consistent with final poll results. E) Survey results demonstrate the beliefs of the entire nation.