What are the four elements of the database approach? Explain the role of each

Users are the individuals in the organization who access the data in the database. This may happen via user programs or by direct query.

The database management system is a set of programs that control access to the database and that manage the data resource through program development, backup and recovery functions, usage reporting, and access authorization.

The database administrator is a function (which may involve part of one individual's duties or an entire department) which manages the database resources through database planning, design, implementation, operation and maintenance, and growth and change.

The physical database is the only physical form that the database has. It is comprised of magnetic spots on magnetic media.