Which of the following conditions are associated with untreated obstructive sleep apnea? 1. Systemic hypotension 2. Pulmonary hypertension 3. Heart failure 4. Myocardial infarction

a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only

ANS: D
Patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea, compared with the general population, have an increased risk of systemic and pulmonary hypertension, stroke, nocturnal arrhythmia, heart fail-ure, and myocardial infarction.