If drugs are considered necessary to maintain one's emotional well-being, then which of the following exists?

Which of the following is NOT an example of operant behavior?

a) a child doing her homework after she receives her teacher's approval for her behavior b) a rat pressing a bar after receiving food for this behavior c) a dog blinking its eyes after a flash of light is presented d) a rat pressing a bar after avoiding a shock for this behavior

All of the following statements about testosterone are true except:

a. The relationship between sexual activity and testosterone levels could be explained by the fact that sexual activity itself increases testosterone levels b. Males with low testosterone levels can be as sexually active as other males, indicating that minimal testosterone is required for typical sexual behavior c. Castration of aggressive human prisoners is a common procedure that is effective in about 50% of cases d. The effect of castration on sexual behavior takes longer in humans than in rats, although there is some variability