Quinn et al. (1993) examined the abilities of 3- and 4-month-old infants. After they looked at a series of photographs of cats, the infants were shown two new photos, one of a cat and one of a dog
They looked longer at the photograph of the dog. This indicated that infants this age ____.
a. like dogs better than cats
b. were bored with the cat photos
c. could categorize
d. were not sure what dogs were
Answer: C
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According to the discussion of the confirmation bias in deductive reasoning,
a. the confirmation bias slightly increases the accuracy of answers for novices. b. the confirmation bias typically occurs when people rely too strongly on the crystal-ball technique. c. the confirmation bias means that people prefer to demonstrate that a hypothesis is true, rather than to demonstrate that it is false. d. typically only about 10% of college students tend to show the confirmation bias.
When we are faced with a seemingly impossible obstacle, we are often advised to "consider it a challenge." This exhortation recommends a process termed:
a) attitude adjustment. b) reattribution. c) cognitive dissonance. d) reappraisal.