A researcher designed an experiment to determine if consumption of caffeine results in increased level of motor activity. The study was done at 7 AM each day. A confounding variable could be

By the end of the nineteenth century, __________.

A. effective treatments had been developed for many forms of mental illness B. alienists had taken control of insane asylums and incorporated moral management therapy C. asylums were recognized as humanitarian institutions that served an important function D. most mental hospitals effectively addressed the physical needs of patients but ignored other needs

What are defense mechanisms?

a. Flexibility of thought and tolerance for ambiguities and complexities. b. Ways to make changes in behavior in order to be more effective. c. Enduring characteristics that produce consistency in behavior over time. d. Mental manoeuvres we use to lessen negative feelings, especially about ourselves.