Hyperextension injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of:

Abdominal trauma should be suspected with penetrating thoracic wounds below the ________ rib anteriorly and the ________ rib posteriorly

A) fourth; ninth B) second; fifth C) fourth; sixth D) second; tenth

Which of the following best describes the function of the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments?

a. They prevent excessive counternutation of the sacrum on the innominates. b. They become most taut with end range of hip extension to effectively lock the sacrum and innominates together. c. They counterbalance the trunk forces that flex the sacral promontory. d. They form the superior border of the lesser sciatic foramen.