Average costs _______initially due to the presence of fixed costs and then rise due to _________
a. fall; decreasing marginal costs
b. fall ; increasing marginal costs
c. rise; decreasing fixed costs
d. rise; increasing fixed costs
b
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X-inefficiency refers to the situation in which:
A) highly competitive firms have less incentive to minimize their costs of production than other firms because the highly competitive firms have almost no chance to earn above-average profits. B) firms are unable to minimize their costs of production because there is no potential for input substitution. C) firms that use labor-intensive production methods tend to be less efficient than firms that use capital-intensive production methods. D) firms with market power have less incentive to minimize their costs of production than more competitive firms.
A few U.S. commercial banks are allowed to have "section 20 affiliates" that can
A) underwrite corporate debt and equity. B) operate in foreign markets. C) branch nationwide regardless of state laws. D) own majority shares in other banks.