Discuss Edward Zigler's developmental approach to intellectual developmental disorders (IDD), including the developmental-difference debate. How does this approach further the understanding and treatment of IDDs?
What will be an ideal response?
• Edward Zigler (1969, 1971) asserted that the majority of children with intellectual developmental disabilities are more similar to than different from typically developing children
• Development is delayed in mastery of motor, cognitive, emotional, and social tasks
• Ultimate level of development falls short from typically developing peers
• Children with IDD follow same developmental sequence
• Furthers understanding in that it views the child in a holistic manner without an emphasis on what they can't do (deficit model) and focuses on individual differences – personalities, temperament, etc.
• Developmental-difference debate: focuses on nature of cognitive disabilities; one side suggesting that children with IDD develop in a similar but slower manner as same-aged peers, while the other side asserts that children with IDD think in qualitatively distinct/deficient ways; the second side focuses more on differences than similarities
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a. conflict among groups. b. bonds among people in the same group. c. diversity within groups. d. prejudice and discrimination.