Which of these had to be a control in this study?
(a) whether the learning was alone or in front of an audience
(b) the number of trials it took for the subjects to learn
(c) the list of nonsense syllables was the same for the two groups
(d) the difficulty of the list of nonsense syllables
(e) none of the above
C
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A(n) _____ definition in an experiment refers to a working description of what the researcher is measuring or observing in the study
A) control B) dependent C) operational D) independent
Which of these statements about the decline of mental abilities in old age is false?
a. It can often be lessened with training programs. b. It inevitably declines sharply. c. It is sometimes a result of malnutrition, medication, or disease rather than aging. d. It is slowed when people live in stimulating environments.