The condition where firms do not want to sell as many as consumers want to buy is called

An increase in the equilibrium price of Japanese yen per dollar could be caused by a(n):

a. increase in the general level of prices in Japan. b. increase in the U.S. demand for domestically-built automobiles. c. decrease in the U.S. income relative to the income in Japan. d. increase in the supply of dollars on the foreign market.

Which of the following is true of a proportional tax rate? a. It is a tax rate that remains constant as the tax base changes

b. It is a tax rate that decreases as the tax base increases. c. It is a tax rate that increases as the tax base increases. d. It is a tax rate that increases as the tax base increases and then decreases as the tax base decreases.