Many college football teams require a "donation" in order to purchase season tickets. This is

A decrease in supply means that

a. demand will increase by the same amount b. the quantity supplied increases c. the quantity supplied decreases d. at every price level, the quantity supplied decreases e. the supply curve shifts to the right

Which of the following is not included in Nation A's reserves account in the balance of payments?

a. Changes in official gold holdings. b. The stock official (i.e., central bank) holdings of foreign currencies. c. Increases in borrowing rights at the International Monetary Fund. d. All of the above are included in reserves.