The financial metric of return on equity has owner's equity as its basis

If, in the long run, international trade improves the standards of living in participating countries, why might some countries want to place trade barriers, such as extra taxes, on imported products?

A) Imported products compete with domestic products and thus put pressure on local business. B) Imported products are usually not as good quality as domestically made products. C) Generating government revenue is often more economically valuable than free trade. D) This is necessary to keep a country's currency strong. E) International trade tends to lead to political tension.

The term "discretionary costs" refers to

a. costs that management decides to incur in the current period to enable the company to achieve objectives other than the filling of orders placed by customers. b. costs that are likely to respond to the amount of attention devoted to them by a specified manager. c. costs that are governed mainly by past decisions that established the present levels of operating and organizational capacity and that only change slowly in response to small changes in capacity. d. amortization of costs that were capitalized in previous periods.