Which of the following is measure of effect size?

Suppose that a man is a member of a social group that is stereotypically expected to lack a specific type of ability. When the man takes a test he knows is designed for that ability, he is likely to perform ________, demonstrating an effect known as ____

a. poorly; stereotype threat b. poorly; culture bias c. better than expected; stereotype reversal d. better than expected; culture reversal

Hypothetico-deductive thinking is to the formal operational stage as _____ is to the preoperational stage

Fill in the blank with correct word