Exposure therapy relies on which conditioning and learning principle?
A) extinction
B) sensitization
C) reward
D) punishment
Answer: A
Rationale: When conducted appropriately, exposure therapy mimics the process of extinction in classical conditioning, in which the feared event (the CS) is no longer paired with the aversive event (the US). Such extinction treatments can result in a loss of the troublesome fear response.
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Which of the following is true regarding the legacy of Francis Galton?
A) Although his ideas have been discredited, his use of statistical methods to measure and study behavior has had a lasting impact on scientific psychology. B) While many of his ideas are still considered valid, Galton failed to use scientific methodology. C) Both his ideas and methodology are still considered valid today. D) Although important in his time, Galton had almost no lasting impact on scientific psychology.
In naturalistic observation, the observer's presence may make the measures
a. comparative b. error free c. correlational d. reactive