What statistic measures how far away from the mean a particular score is?

Which of the following statements about culture and cognitive dissonance is true?

a. Japanese people rarely experience dissonance. b. Dissonance occurs everywhere, but culture influences how people experience it. c. Cognitive dissonance is a uniquely American phenomenon. d. Cognitive dissonance is more likely to occur in collectivist rather than individualist cultures.

Jack has autism. When his mom wakes him in the morning, she always says, "Good morning, Jackie!" Jack then responds, "Good morning, Jackie!" In fact, he often "plays back" whatever was just said to him rather than actually responding. This communication pattern is known as

a. flat affect. b. incoherent sentences. c. pronoun reversal. d. echolalia.