According to Bowlby, what are the four phases of growth in attachment? Briefly describe the major change(s) that occur during each of these stages
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer will include the following key points:
- Preattachment (birth to 6 weeks) — Infant's behaviors and the responses they evoke in adults create an interactive system that is the first step in the formation of attachment relationships.
- Attachment in the making (6 to 8 weeks to 6 to 8 months) — Babies begin to behave differently in the presence of familiar and unfamiliar adults.
- True attachment (6 to 8 months to 18 months) — Most infants have singled out the attachment figure. A mental representation of the attachment figure is formed.
- Reciprocal relationships (18 months on) — Infants begin to act as true partners in the attachment relationship.
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Therapist Dr. X (not her real name) is working with a client who is heavily involved with body-piercing. The client enjoys it, but Dr. X thinks the amount is so excessive she considers it abnormal behavior. She is employing which definition of abnormality?
a. Dysfunction b. Culturally inappropriate or unexpected c. Impairment d. Distress
Which of the following physical changes occur for males only?
a. Growth of shoulder and back hair. b. Increased sweat gland production. c. Deepening voice. d. Growth of facial hair.