DSM-5 was published in 2013, but work on it began in:

Mnemonics are methods for

a. repressing memories that are too painful to remember. b. encoding information by associating it with information already in LTM. c. retrieving information that has already been stored in LTM. d. reducing the bias we sometimes experience when storing memories. e. enhancing our ability to detect sensory information.

Identifying questions of interest, formulating an explanation, and carrying out research that either lends support to or refutes the explanation are all steps of which of the following?

a. scientific method c. collection of data b. theory d. observation