Associating objects that elicit an undesirable response with unpleasant or negative stimuli describes the key principle of

Nathan was a psychologist in the 1930s

Which of the following would best represent his understanding of what happened inside the brain during sleep? A) Humans pass through five distinct stages of sleep. B) Humans, unlike animals, experience REM sleep but both experience non-REM sleep. C) Neurons fire and create the biological underpinnings of dreams and nightmares as we sleep. D) Nothing interesting happens as humans sleep through the night.

When 4-year-old Katherine throws a beanbag, her dad comments, "You stood still as you were throwing. Now try taking a step toward me as you throw"

Assuming Katherine's dad regularly gives this sort of feedback, which of the following statements is most likely true? A) Katherine is likely to show great shame after a failure. B) Katherine is likely to show extreme pride after a success. C) Katherine is likely to experience a low level of pride after a success. D) Katherine is likely to show moderate levels of shame and pride and greater persistence on difficult tasks.