Debt held by the public and total debt are two different concepts

When compared to exchange systems that rely on money, disadvantages of the barter system include

A) the requirement of a double coincidence of wants. B) lowering the cost of exchanging goods over time. C) lowering the cost of exchange to those who would specialize. D) encouraging specialization and the division of labor.

By allowing an income-tax deduction for charitable contributions, the government

a. encourages a private solution to a particular positive-externality problem. b. discourages a private solution to a particular positive-externality problem. c. encourages a private solution to a particular negative-externality problem. d. discourages a private solution to a particular negative-externality problem.