Who did developmental researchers focus on studying because they assumed that the processes of development were universal?

At a treatment planning conference, a psychologist is describing a new client who has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. The psychologist is emphasizing the ego-syntonic nature of the client's problems because

a. treatment will have to focus on the client's weak ego. b. the client might not be motivated for treatment. c. the client is an excellent candidate for treatment. d. the problems are psychotic in nature.

Helmholtz's finding that the nerve impulse traveling through the body is considerably

slower than electricity traveling through a wire, led to the important realization that a. the nerve impulse is not electrical in its nature. b. nerve impulses are more complex than simple electrical current. c. specific structures within the body impede the speed with which electrical current travels through the nervous system. d. the brain and nervous system could be studied safely by stimulating them with weak electrical current. e. electrical stimulation of the body could potentially damage the nervous system.