In a(n) __________ primary, party members can only vote in their own primary, but unaffiliated voters may vote in either party’s primary

In a nonequivalent control-group design, if the experimental and control groups are NOT equivalent at pretest and both groups change in the same manner (e.g., both groups increase an equal amount on the measure), you might conclude that

A) the manipulation of the independent variable affected both groups. B) the effect was due to selection. C) a maturation process or historical event common to the two groups caused the change in scores. D) Both A and B

In costs-benefit analyses, what is perhaps the most difficult valuations that analysts must make?

What will be an ideal response?