At age 5, Samantha still exhibits very strong separation anxiety whenever her mother leaves her anywhere. Samantha's behavior is evidence of sound emotional health

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is ______

a) John B. Watson b) Edward Thorndike c) B.F. Skinner d) Albert Bandura

A researcher places dogs in a cage with metal bars on the floor

The dogs are randomly given electric shocks and can do nothing to prevent them or stop them. Later, the same dogs are placed in a cage where they can escape the shocks by jumping over a low hurdle. When the shocks are given, the dogs do not even try to escape. They just sit and cower. This is an example of ____________. a) learned helplessness b) avoidance learning c) aversive conditioning d) vicarious learning