A researcher shines a very intense light at 850 nm into the open eyes of a research participant. Under these conditions, the pupil will instantly shrink and accommodation will occur.

According to the text, when a pregnant mother becomes highly stressed a fetus may ______

develop a faster heart rate and move more frequently become very ill and sick hold their hands over their eyes, covering them suck their fingers and bite their nails

Which psychologist developed a conditioning apparatus for animals and provided various practical applications of operant conditioning?

a. B.F. Skinner b. Ivan Pavlov c. John B. Watson d. Carl Rogers