Which of the following is not a reason for why many incumbents lose reelection?

Unlike associational and non-associational interest groups, how are institutional interest groups different?

a. They exist within the government. b. They develop spontaneously when many individuals feel strongly about particular policies. c. They have a distinctive name, national headquarters, and professional staff. d. They seek to promote causes that benefit society as a whole. e. They exist within the private sector.

A television news show covered the story of a young girl who had cancer but did not have proper medical insurance to cover the expenses of her treatment. It showed how difficult it was for her to meet her daily expenses and how she had to drop out of college due to her illness. The show influenced the viewers' attitude in a positive way which made them donate money toward the cause. In this case,

the media used a technique called _____. A) lobbying B) microtargeting C) narrowcasting D) framing E) podcasting