During the inspiratory phase of spontaneous breathing, what happens to the pulmonary artery (PA) waveform?
a. There is no change in the waveform.
b. The PA waveform trend increases.
c. The PA waveform trend decreases.
d. The PA diastolic pressure increases.
ANS: C
With spontaneous breathing, the intrapleural pressure decreases during inspiration, causing the pulmonary artery (PA) wave pattern to descend. Conversely, with spontaneous expiration, intra-pleural pressure increases, and the wave rises.
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